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Charles Sanders Peirce (1839-1914) is rapidly becoming recognized as the greatest American philosopher. At the center of his philosophy was a revolutionary model of the way human beings think. Peirce, a logician, challenged traditional models by describing thoughts not as "ideas" but as "signs," external to the self and without meaning unless interpreted by a subsequent thought. His general theory of signs -- or semiotic -- is especially pertinent...
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An accessible explanation of Kurt Gödel's groundbreaking work in mathematical logic
In 1931 Kurt Gödel published his fundamental paper, "On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related Systems." This revolutionary paper challenged certain basic assumptions underlying much research in mathematics and logic. Gödel received public recognition of his work in 1951 when he was awarded the first Albert Einstein Award for achievement...
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This book is the inevitable outcome of a greater universe vision that accounts for Conservation of Energy, where I ask the heretical question: is the Big Bang the actual moment of creation or just a common gravity-driven event? The topics discussed put in balance the observed and unexpected fact that our visible universe is expanding at an accelerating rate, a fact that completely caught the global physics community by surprise when the Hubble Space...
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Michael N. Forster is Professor of Philosophy and Chairman of the Philosophy Department at the University of Chicago.
What is the nature of a conceptual scheme? Are there alternative conceptual schemes? If so, are some more justifiable or correct than others? The later Wittgenstein already addresses these fundamental philosophical questions under the general rubric of "grammar" and the question of its "arbitrariness"--and does so with great subtlety....
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Español
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En los contrarios y la tensión entre ellos, constituyentes del ser humano, William Blake descubrió fuerzas poéticas o creativas; el hombre es la unidad en la que se integran el paraíso y el infierno, los dioses y todos los mundos. Gilbert Keith Ches terton hizo de las paradojas un método de investigación. Franz Kafka convirtió la paradoja en estética y el enigma en poder configurativo. Kurt Gödel transmutó paradojas lógicas en puntos de...
6) Addendum
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These essays are on topics reflecting the intersection of science and humankind. They concern time, consciousness, beauty, probability, and understanding. They supplement and compliment my book Important Things We Don't Know (About Nearly Everything) and are presented here as an accompaniment to that book.
But, this volume can stand on its own.
For several years, I periodically updated Important Things. But, I decided to leave the last...
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G. Polya (1887–1985) was one of the most influential mathematicians of the twentieth century. His basic research contributions span complex analysis, mathematical physics, probability theory, geometry, and combinatorics. He was a teacher par excellence who maintained a strong interest in pedagogical matters throughout his long career. Even after his retirement from Stanford University in 1953, he continued to lead an active mathematical life. He...
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Deutsch
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In Metaphysik argumentiert Aristoteles (gegen Platons Annahme von abstrakten Entitäten) zunächst dafür, dass die konkreten Einzeldinge (wie Sokrates) die Substanzen, d.h. das Grundlegende aller Wirklichkeit sind. Dies ergänzt er um seine spätere Lehre, wonach die Substanz konkreter Einzeldinge ihre Form ist.
Aristoteles (384-322) gehört zu den bekanntesten und einflussreichsten Philosophen der Geschichte. Sein Lehrer war Platon, doch hat Aristoteles...
9) First Logic
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First Logic is an introductory text covering numerous topics in logic. This third edition includes expanded exercise sets for all chapters, updated examples, and extended discussion of concepts such as inductive reasoning, truth trees, and natural deduction. Chapter one presents some of the core concepts of logic, including validity, soundness, argument recognition, and the distinctions between deduction and induction. Chapter two outlines some of...
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In street culture you have people say that they are Real or Gangsta yet those are fallicies. At the end of the day it doesn't matter if you are a street person , hustler, or a average Joe it all comes down to being Solid. This book breaks down lessons to guide you in being just that.
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A System of Logic, Ratiocinative and Inductive John Stuart Mill - It is so much the established practice of writers on logic to commence their treatises by a few general observations (in most cases, it is true, rather meagre) on Terms and their varieties, that it will, perhaps, scarcely be required from me in merely following the common usage, to be as particular in assigning my reasons, as it is usually expected that those should be who deviate from...
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Have you ever found yourself struggling to make a clear decision, unsure whether an argument is valid, or baffled by a tricky puzzle? If so, then you've encountered the power of logic – the art of clear and structured thinking. While logic may seem abstract or intimidating at first, it's a skill that anyone can develop, and the benefits are immense.This book is designed for anyone who wants to improve their critical thinking abilities, regardless...
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Lewis Carroll wrote several mathematics books. He was mainly interested in using logic diagrams as a pedagogical tool. Symbolic Logic, first published in 1896, contains literally dozens of puzzles. He believed heartily that children would enjoy learning mathematics if they could be enticed by amusing stories and puzzles. The Game of Logic, published in 1897, was intended to teach logic to children. His "game" consisted of a card with two diagrams,...
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Robert Stalnaker is the Laurance S. Rockefeller Professor of Philosophy at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He is the author of Our Knowledge of the Internal World,
Ways a World Might Be,
Context and Content, and Inquiry.
It seems reasonable to believe that there might have existed things other than those that in fact exist, or have existed. But how should we understand such claims? Standard semantic theories exploit...
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English
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Burt C. Hopkins presents the first in-depth study of the work of Edmund Husserl and Jacob Klein on the philosophical foundations of the logic of modern symbolic mathematics. Accounts of the philosophical origins of formalized concepts-especially mathematical concepts and the process of mathematical abstraction that generates them-have been paramount to the development of phenomenology. Both Husserl and Klein independently concluded that it is impossible...
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Deutsch
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Diese Ausgabe von "System der deduktiven und induktiven Logik" wurde mit einem funktionalen Layout erstellt und sorgfältig formatiert.
Aus dem Buch:
"Die Betrachtungen über die Induction sind indessen mit der Feststellung der Regeln für die Ausübung derselben nicht beendigt. Wir müssen noch Einiges von den anderen Verstandesoperationen sagen, welche bei einer jeden Induction entweder nothwendig vorausgesetzt werden, oder welche den schwierigeren...
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The Problems of Philosophy, Bertrand Russell's enduring masterpiece, invites readers on an intellectual odyssey through the fundamental inquiries that have intrigued humanity for centuries. Russell skillfully introduces important theories of Plato, Aristotle, René Descartes, David Hume, John Locke, Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, and others to lay the foundation for philosophical inquiry by general readers and scholars alike. He frames...
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"Entfessle deine Genialität" lautet das Motto von Genialitätscoach Dr.-Ing. Andreas Lenniger, spezialisiert auf Menschen mit viel Köpfchen. Wer seine authentische Genialität entfesselt, der kann erleben, wie unsere genialen Gefühle magische Wirkung auf den Erfolg haben.
In der Folge verändern sich Menschen, für sich selbst Wege zurück in die eigene Leichtigkeit und zur Erfüllung ihrer Träume und Ziele zu sehen und zu gehen.
Die 40 Wege...
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On a journey through the vast and intricate field of philosophy, few thinkers have provoked as much reflection and debate as Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel. This book proposes a deep dive into the works of this 19th-century German philosopher, whose ideas transcended his time and continue to influence contemporary thought. Through meticulous critical analyses, we aim to unravel the complex layers of Hegelian philosophy, exploring its fundamental concepts...
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This book is based on an in-depth filmed conversation between Howard Burton and Scott Soames, Distinguished Professor of Philosophy at University of Southern California. Scott Soames is specialized in the philosophy of language and the history of analytic philosophy. This detailed conversation provides a detailed introduction to analytic philosophy, including some examples of contemporary relevance to a wide range of other fields.
This carefully-edited...
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