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One of the most powerful tools in the science arsenal, mathematics allows scientists across disciplines to test hypotheses about the real world. In this eBook, we look at important recent advances in the field and examine the role of modeling and statistical analysis in understanding biology, physics, politics and more.
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Known as "the best friend mathematics ever had," Martin Gardner introduced many readers to real mathematics, making the subject accessible and fun for more than 25 years through his Mathematical Games column. In this eBook collection, we strove to create a new "slice" through his wealth of material. We focus on all flavors of number, from common integers and negative numbers to figurate numbers and the exotic random number, Omega, which can be described...
3) Cyberattacks
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The ubiquity of computers and smartphones has reshaped nearly every aspect of contemporary life, from how we communicate to how we shop. However, it has also provided a new avenue for criminal activity. Cyberattacks can take many forms, but in general the
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Celebrated mathematician Martin Gardner is your guide to the planar playground in this eBook collection. For 25 years in his Mathematical Games column, Gardner mixed well-understood topics with the cutting-edge, and here we've selected some of Gardner's best columns set in two dimensions, including games like Hex, geometric puzzles of transforming one shape to another, the physics of a two-dimensional world and more.
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With the introduction of new technologies in the industrial era, warfare-along with most other areas of life-went through a major change. During the American Civil War and World War I, advances in transportation, communication, and weaponry changed the way wars were fought. In the decades since World War I, warfare has continued to evolve. This title examines the history of modern warfare and how technology shapes war today, exploring topics such...
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Galileo said that mathematics is the language of nature. This eBook examines math across disciplines, exploring how math is the backbone connecting the physical, social and economic worlds. From practical questions about the significance of p values and using math to fight gerrymandering to the top theoretical problems in the field, this collection looks at what math reveals about our universe.
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Through the use of smart technology-an integrated network of computers and telecommunication devices that collect a large amount of data to facilitate machine learning and artificial intelligence-urban areas have the opportunity to optimize public services, improve infrastructure, and operate in a more environmentally friendly way. However, those who are skeptical of smart cities argue that the large amount of data that is collected could easily be...
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Sports are a human universal: humans in all cultures play them, and they've done so for a long, long time. This title is for readers whose interest in sports and athleticism goes deeper than stats of their favorite players and the standings of their favorite teams. The articles collected here answer questions about the physical and psychological conditions that make elite athletes, they look at the effects of technology in sports, and they explore...
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The concept of artificial intelligence (AI) has evolved greatly since the mid-twentieth century. This book examines the history of AI from early explorations to the latest technology. It also dives into the ethical questions surrounding AI, what AI might look like in the future, and ways in which AI can be used to improve human life. With text explaining the fundamentals of AI as well as current debates on the topic, teens will develop a strong understanding...
11) Extreme Physics
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Physicists are pushing into the extreme ends of the universe as we know it-from invisible particles and colliding massive black holes to the most crushing gravitational forces ever detected and spooky quantum entanglement. The 14-billion-year-old tale of our universe is far from over, and in this eBook, we examine a wave of discovery and take a new look at old ideas.
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The science of education is elusive. Educators, academics and scientists have struggled with issues like how to make learning approachable yet challenging, what to include in the curriculum and when, what the optimal class size is and so on. In this collection, we explore the many ways that learning is also a scientific process and offer the latest theories of teaching and learning.
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The murder of George Floyd in May 2020 brought fierce and renewed tensions to issues of anti-Black racism and police violence in the US. The outcry and eruption of protests following Floyd's killing led to a long-overdue reckoning across industries, in politics and in society to confront white supremacy and racial injustice. For Scientific American, part of this reckoning is to make a commitment to improved and wider reporting of racism and to elevate...
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In the two decades since the first planet outside of our solar system was discovered, "exoplanetology" has become the hottest specialty in astrophysics. To date, more than 1,000 exoplanets have been found, and this eBook explains the investigative techniques used and analyzes the strange and controversial discoveries in this exciting field.
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Brain disease such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's affect an estimated one in six Americans and are increasing in incidence as the population ages. In this eBook, we examine these and other conditions involving the damage and loss of neurons, including other forms of dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and multiple sclerosis (MS).
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Boy or girl? Even before a person is born, that's the first thing everyone wants to know-underscoring just how much value humans place on gender. In this eBook, we take a closer look at the anatomical, chemical and functional differences in the brains of men and women-as well as some surprising similarities.
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According to recent headlines, today's device-wielding teens are socially, emotionally and cognitively doomed. Reality, however, is not so clear cut. In this eBook, we've gathered what science has to say about the effects of smartphones and social media use on teenagers, as well as its effects on thought processes and relationships and its potential as a tool to monitor mental health.
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How do neurons create feelings of sadness? Or the sense of a unique self? On the other hand, could conscious thought be an illusion? The nature of conscious experience is one of the most essential, enduring mysteries, and in this eBook we explore the diverse and sometimes contentious approaches to defining consciousness, research into its physical footprints, advances in measuring conscious awareness and emerging technologies bringing artificial intelligence...
19) Battling Drought
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The extreme drought in the US Southwest has brought the issues of water use into the media spotlight. The one-two punch of climate change and political turf battles that have plagued the area since the Wild West have upped the ante for rethinking our policies. This eBook, Battling Drought, takes a long look at this situation from the early engineering projects, such as building the Hoover and Grand Coulee dams, which were designed to tame the rivers,...
20) Becoming Human
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We humans are a strange bunch. We have self-awareness and yet often act on impulses that remain hidden. How did we get here? What is to become of us? To these age-old questions, science has in recent years brought powerful tools and reams of data, and in this eBook, Becoming Human*, we look at what these data have to tell us about who we are.
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